Historiography of the United States. The historiography of the United States refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to study the history of the United States. While history examines the interplay of events in the past, historiography examines the secondary sources written by historians as books and articles, evaluates the primary sources they use, and provides a critical examination of the methodology of historical study. OrganizationseditHistorians have formed scores of scholarly organizations, which typically hold annual conferences where scholarly papers are presented, and which publish scholarly journals. In addition, every state and many localities have their own historical societies, focused on their own histories and sources. The American Historical Association AHA is the oldest and largest society for professional historians in the U. Jacques Barzun 1907 2012 was probably best known for his writing on education at all levels until Dawn to Decadence reminded people of the remarkable breadth. After being taken down twice by Blogger within a single week, we got the message Its Time To Go. Gates of Vienna has moved to a new address. Hope life is treating you well. BibMe Free Bibliography Citation Maker MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. The historiography of the United States refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to study the history of the United States. The Mouse in Your Wallet, Reuben Wanjala 9789506414740 9506414742 Seleccion Por Competencias, Martha Alicia Alles 9780470519882 0470519886. Jacques Barzun The Modern Researcher Pdf File' title='Jacques Barzun The Modern Researcher Pdf File' />S. Founded in 1. 88. It publishes The American Historical Review five times a year, with scholarly articles and book reviews. While the AHA is the largest organization for historians working in the United States, the Organization of American Historians OAH is the major organization for historians who study and teach about the United States. This list of University of Chicago alumni consists of notable people who either graduated from, taught at, or attended the University of Chicago. Formerly known as the Mississippi Valley Historical Association, its membership comprises college and university professors, as well as graduate students, independent historians, archivists, museum curators, and other public historians. The OAH publishes the quarterly scholarly journal Journal of American History. In 2. 01. 0 its individual membership was 8,0. Other large regional groups for professionals include the Southern Historical Association, founded in 1. South. It now chiefly specializes in the history of the South. In 1. 97. 0 it elected its first black president, John Hope Franklin. The Western History Association formed in 1. West. Dozens of other organizations deal in specialized topics, such as the Society for Military History and the Social Science History Association. Pre 1. 80. 0editDuring the colonial era, there were a handful of serious scholarsmost of them men of affairs who wrote about their own colony. They included Robert Beverley 1. Virginia, Thomas Hutchinson 1. Massachusetts, and Samuel Smith on Pennsylvania. The Loyalist Thomas Jones 1. New York from exile. The historiography of the Early National period focused on the American Revolution and the Constitution. The first studies came from Federalist historians, such as Chief Justice John Marshall 1. Marshall wrote a well received four volume of biography of George Washington that was far more than a biography, and covered the political and military history of the Revolutionary Era. Marshall emphasized Washingtons virtue and military prowess. Historians have complimented his highly accurate detail, but note that Marshalllike many early historiansrelied heavily on the Annual Register, edited by Edmund Burke. Mercy Otis Warren 1. Jeffersonian perspective stressing natural rights and equality. She emphasized the dangers to republicanism emanating from Britain, and called for the subordination of passion to reason, and the subsuming of private selfishness in the general public good. David Ramsay 1. Patriot leader from South Carolina, wrote thorough, scholarly histories of his state and the early United States. Trained as a physician, he was a moderate Federalist in politics. Messer 2. 00. 2 examines the transition in Ramsays republican perspective from his History of the American Revolution 1. Washington 1. 80. History of the United States 3 vol. Ramsay called on citizens to demonstrate republican virtues in helping reform and improve society. A conservative, he warned of the dangers of zealotry and the need to preserve existing institutions. Garden Party World Game Login. OBrien 1. 99. 4 says Ramsays 1. History of the American Revolution was one of the earliest and most successful histories. It located American values within the European Enlightenment. Ramsay had no brief for what later was known as American exceptionalism, holding that the destiny of the new nation United States would be congruent with European political and cultural development. HildretheditRichard Hildreth 1. Yankee scholar and political writer, wrote a thorough highly precise history of the nation down to 1. His six volume History of the United States 1. His Federalist views and dry style lost market share to George Bancrofts more exuberant and democratic tomes. Hildreth explicitly favored the Federalist Party and denigrated the Jeffersonians. He was an active political commentator and leading anti slavery intellectual, so President Lincoln gave him a choice diplomatic assignment in Europe. Bancroftedit. George Bancroft United States Secretary of Navy c. George Bancroft 1. German universities, was a Democratic politician and accomplished scholar, whose magisterial History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent covered the new nation in depth down to 1. Bancroft was imbued with the spirit of Romanticism, emphasizing the emergence of nationalism and republican values, and rooting on every page for the Patriots. His masterwork started appearing in 1. Along with John Gorham Palfrey 1. America. Billias argues Bancroft played on four recurring themes to explain how America developed its unique values providence, progress, patria, and pan democracy. Providence meant that destiny depended more on God than on human will. The idea of progress indicated that through continuous reform a better society was possible. Patria love of country was deserved because Americas spreading influence would bring liberty and freedom to more and more of the world. Pan democracy meant the nation state was central to the drama, not specific heroes or villains. Bancroft was an indefatigable researcher who had a thorough command of the sources, but his rotund romantic style and enthusiastic patriotism annoyed later generations of scientific historians, who did not assign his books to students. Furthermore, scholars of the Imperial School after 1. British Empire than he did. Creating and preserving collective memoryeditIn 1. Massachusetts Historical Society became the nations first state historical society it was a private association of well to do individuals with sufficient leisure, interest, and resources for the society to prosper. It set a model that every state followed, although usually with a more popular base and state funding. Archivist Elizabeth Kaplan argues the founding of a historical society begins an upward spiral with each advance legitimizing the next. Collections are gathered that support publication of documents and histories. These publications in turn give the society and its topic legitimacy and authenticity. The process creates a sense of identity and belonging. The builders of state historical societies and archives in the late 1. The largest and most professional collections were built at the State Historical Society of Wisconsin in Madison by Lyman Draper 1. Reuben Gold Thwaites 1. Their massive collection of books and documents became and remain a major scholarly resource for the graduate program in history at the University of Wisconsin. Thwaites disseminated materials nationally through his edited series, especially Jesuit Relations in 7. Early Western Travels in 3. Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in eight volumes, among others. At the national level, major efforts to collect and publish important documents from the revolutionary era were undertaken by Jonathan Elliott 1. Jared Sparks 1. 78. Peter Force 1. 79. The military history of the Civil War especially fascinated Americans, and the War Department compiled and published a massive collection of original documents that continues to be heavily used by scholars. The Official Records of the War of the Rebellion appeared in 1.