Digital rights management Wikipedia. Digital rights management DRM is a set of access control technologies for restricting the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works. DRM technologies try to control the use, modification, and distribution of copyrighted works such as software and multimedia content, as well as systems within devices that enforce these policies. The use of digital rights management is not universally accepted. Proponents of DRM argue that it is necessary to prevent intellectual property from being copied freely, just as physical locks are needed to prevent personal property from being stolen,3 that it can help the copyright holder maintain artistic control,4 and that it can ensure continued revenue streams. Those opposed to DRM contend there is no evidence that DRM helps prevent copyright infringement, arguing instead that it serves only to inconvenience legitimate customers, and that DRM helps big business stifle innovation and competition. Furthermore, works can become permanently inaccessible if the DRM scheme changes or if the service is discontinued. DRM can also restrict users from exercising their legal rights under the copyright law, such as backing up copies of CDs or DVDs instead having to buy another copy, if it can still be purchased, lending materials out through a library, accessing works in the public domain, or using copyrighted materials for research and education under the fair use doctrine,3 and under French law. The Electronic Frontier Foundation EFF and the Free Software Foundation FSF consider the use of DRM systems to be an anti competitive practice. Worldwide, many laws have been created which criminalize the circumvention of DRM, communication about such circumvention, and the creation and distribution of tools used for such circumvention. Such laws are part of the United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act,1. European Unions Copyright Directive,1. Office 2003 Phone Activation Keygen Free' title='Office 2003 Phone Activation Keygen Free' />French DADVSI is an example of a member state of the European Union EU implementing the directive. The term DRM is also sometimes referred to as copy protection, technical protection measures, copy prevention, or copy control, although the correctness of doing so is disputed. IntroductioneditThe rise of digital media and analog to digital conversion technologies has vastly increased the concerns of copyright owning individuals and organizations, particularly within the music and movie industries. While analog media inevitably lost quality with each copy generation, and in some cases even during normal use, digital media files may be duplicated an unlimited number of times with no degradation in the quality. The rise of personal computers as household appliances has made it convenient for consumers to convert media which may or may not be copyrighted originally in a physical, analog or broadcast form into a universal, digital form this process is called ripping for portability or viewing later. This, combined with the Internet and popular file sharing tools, has made unauthorized distribution of copies of copyrighted digital media also called digital piracy much easier. In 1. 98. 3, a very early implementation of Digital Rights Management DRM was the Software Service System SSS devised by the Japanese engineer Ryuichi Moriya. The SSS was based on encryption, with specialized hardware that controlled decryption and also enabled payments to be sent to the copyright holder. The underlying principle of the SSS and subsequently of superdistribution was that the distribution of encrypted digital products should be completely unrestricted and that users of those products would not just be permitted to redistribute them but would actually be encouraged to do so. Common DRM techniques include restrictive licensing agreements The access to digital materials, copyright and public domain is restricted to consumers as a condition of entering a website or when downloading software. Encryption, scrambling of expressive material and embedding of a tag, which is designed to control access and reproduction of information, including backup copies for personal use. DRM technologies enable content publishers to enforce their own access policies on content, such as restrictions on copying or viewing. These technologies have been criticized for restricting individuals from copying or using the content legally, such as by fair use. DRM is in common use by the entertainment industry e. Many online music stores, such as Apples i. Tunes Store, and e book publishers and vendors, such as Over. Drive, also use DRM, as do cable and satellite service operators, to prevent unauthorized use of content or services. RequestCracks. com Request a Crack, Dongle Emulator or Dongle Crack. Dongle Emulation Service for any software. PayoneerPayoneerPwww. Payoneer Payoneer. Softasm. com is a reliable community where all people can download software for free including downloads for all categories and platforms. We provide highsecure. However, Apple dropped DRM from all i. Tunes music files around 2. Industry has expanded the usage of DRM to more traditional hardware products, examples are Keurigs coffeemakers,1. Philips light bulbs,2. John Deeres tractors. For instance, tractor companies try to prevent the DIYrepairing by the owning farmers under usage of DRM laws as DMCA. TechnologieseditComputer gameseditLimited install activationseditComputer games sometimes use DRM technologies to limit the number of systems the game can be installed on by requiring authentication with an online server. Most games with this restriction allow three or five installs, although some allow an installation to be recovered when the game is uninstalled. This not only limits users who have more than three or five computers in their homes seeing as the rights of the software developers allow them to limit the number of installations, but can also prove to be a problem if the user has to unexpectedly perform certain tasks like upgrading operating systems or reformatting the computers hard drive, tasks which, depending on how the DRM is implemented, count a games subsequent reinstall as a new installation, making the game potentially unusable after a certain period even if it is only used on a single computer. In mid 2. 00. 8, the publication of Mass Effect marked the start of a wave of titles primarily making use of Secu. ROM for DRM and requiring authentication with a server. The use of the DRM scheme in 2. Sporebackfired and there were protests, resulting in a considerable number of users seeking an unlicensed version instead. This backlash against the three activation limit was a significant factor in Spore becoming the most pirated game in 2. Torrent. Freak compiling a top 1. Spore topping the list. However, Tweakguides concluded that the presence of intrusive DRM does not appear to increase the cracking of a game, noting that other games on the list such as Call of Duty 4, Assassins Creed and Crysis use Safe. Disc DRM, which has no install limits and no online activation. Business Studies Fourth Edition Dave Hall. Additionally, other video games that use intrusive DRM such as Bio. Shock, Crysis Warhead, and Mass Effect, do not appear on the list. Persistent online authenticationeditMany mainstream publishers continued to rely on online DRM throughout the later half of 2. Electronic Arts, Ubisoft, Valve, and Atari, The Sims 3 being a notable exception in the case of Electronic Arts. Ubisoft broke with the tendency to use online DRM in late 2. Prince of Persia as an experiment to see how truthful people really are regarding the claim that DRM was inciting people to use illegal copies. Although Ubisoft has not commented on the results of the experiment, Tweakguides noted that two torrents on Mininova had over 2. Ubisoft formally announced a return to online authentication on 9 February 2. Uplay online gaming platform, starting with Silent Hunter 5, The Settlers 7, and Assassins Creed II. Silent Hunter 5 was first reported to have been compromised within 2. The Uplay system works by having the installed game on the local PCs incomplete and then continuously downloading parts of the game code from Ubisofts servers as the game progresses.